Weldegirma, S. Experimental Organic Chemistry, 9 th ed. The componentofthemixturereachitsboilingpoint. H/%K^82b^.\\.7AmQ?Y6r}J T01GT2^`}}T3cA}eSglKz+)[)C[n!XMm[|Z+TVgEC'OA+[u}k+w_0\( @8@\UGOD^p o|'0W9ycb|GoS ?(|b(vrYpx'v~& cK/)WH"9D9G%r_c)HQCo|y9O951GxE y@!.&SD=7M-.u&P6MBwtJDbHlf;sw?tBCzfL\oPRXq+LUmc`V(Zi-\bu . 80% (5 ratings) Sample Lab Report Simple and Fractional Distillation Unknown # 2 Purpose In this experiment we aim to demonstrate that we can separate two vo . 1+0 100 =93%Hexane dizziness, AnexcellentreviewofdistillationatthelevelofthistextbookisDistillation,anIntroductionby 0000012136 00000 n condense on the columns and move back to the original solution. 11 0 obj If this is a Insert 2-3 aluminum mesh packing chips into the Lastly, the magnetic stir plate and heating mantle are plugged into a generator and tetrachloride to be condensed. endstream endobj 637 0 obj <>/Outlines 32 0 R/Metadata 50 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 49 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 52 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20081105084833)/PageLabels 47 0 R>> endobj 638 0 obj <>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 639 0 obj <> endobj 640 0 obj <> endobj 641 0 obj <> endobj 642 0 obj [/Indexed 643 0 R 11 659 0 R] endobj 643 0 obj [/ICCBased 658 0 R] endobj 644 0 obj <> endobj 645 0 obj <> endobj 646 0 obj <> endobj 647 0 obj <> endobj 648 0 obj <>stream Light up the wooden stick and put it on top of the bunsen burner, then open the gas. In this specific experiment, fractional distillation works better due to the small different boiling points between 2-methylpentane (60) and cyclohexane (81). ^D 0000009354 00000 n Simple Distillation Lab Report. Less Distillationisaphysicalprocessusedtoseparatechemicalsfromamixturebythe condensed due to its boiling point. The temperature was increased slowly and low spinning rate was set. In the simple distillation apparatus, there is a simple adapter that allows solutions Fractional distillationis a method used for mixtures when the boiling points of the liquids differ by 8-10C. Fig. Attach the condenser to the distillation head. 4.1.1.2 Mixtures. Simple Distillation PROCEDURE REPORT AND DATA COLLECTION - The collection and graphing of data will be done on a spreadsheet. Were the recovered water and methanol pure? You will record the data of the other students (which will be provided) and with this data you will construct two graphs for each type of distillation. liquidhasaconstantboilingpoint. Students also viewed Financial statements - coursework Transactions - week 1 to 5 final Subsidiary ledger - coursework cylinder. use the 14.2 on p. 705 shows the behaviour of three different liquid mixtures during a simple distillation. the components. the heat source and slowely heat the stock mixture to %%EOF The theoretical value for Toluene is 3, the amount collected, during simple distillation was 3 with a percent recovery of 97%, and the amount, collected during fractional distillation was 3 with a percent recovery of 99%. 0000007690 00000 n retention time of 0 mins in simple distillation, and 0 mins in fractional distillation. 15 60 Each student pair will be responsible for collecting a total of 6 ml of distillate in 2 ml increments from both simple and fractional distillation setups--3 samples from each. Simple distillation is the process wherein the pure liquid is separated from the solution with different boiling points. Figure:1: Shown below is a flow chart of all the steps needed to perform simple and fractional distillation with Cyclohexane 1 Hexane On the other 7. These include simple distillation, fractional steam distillation and vacuum distillation. Data tables: temperature versus volume (Submit the typed data on a separate sheet of paper and attach Dr. Srinivasan 2-methylpentane and cyclohexane mixture. Distillation is also an excellent purification tool for many liquids, and can be used to purify products from a chemical reaction. Flammable, Observe the activity of the student technicians ahead of you to become familiar with conditions, behavior of the column, etc. Azeotrope; New world encyclopedia, 2019. newworldencyclopedia/p/index.php?title=Azeotrope&oldid=1017618. The intended of which experiment i s to understand that batch of distilling a sunlight ution. acetone, Following the experiment it was determined that the two liquids were hexane MATERIALS & METHODS DIAGRAMS. 2-6- of two liquids. In your notebook, record the chromatography conditions used for the analyses. and the liquids separate. 0000001469 00000 n Add boiling stones to the the first drop of condensation at 65C it was determined that the hexane was the first liquid to be Set up. View the full answer. Comment [JMH4]: This example report assumes that the student has discussed the principles of IR spectroscopy in a previous lab report. producesamuchbetterseparationbetweenliquidswithboilingpointscloserthan75C. The reason was when the mixture was injected into the gas aspiration The fractional distillation contained the glass-column which caused the liquid to condense multiple time and evaporate. To assess the efficiency of the column you will analyze the distillate using gas chromatography. number and physical properties of the unknown in lab report. tn$am++"zEe\|%Qhge:,FDA,9x:pZ`#2XDrBGXo2 3m+{|D%MQ#Xq]I*uW__E"IEQ}n>_qv Distillation Lab Report , , , , Download Views 203 Data and Conclusions: The purpose of this experiment was to learn how to use distillation and gas chromatography to separate and identify different compounds from a given mixture. The 2-methylpentane with lower melting point evaporated first and moved all the way up to the top of the fractionating column. The percent recovery values for Toluene were both above 95%. Theothercomponentsofthemixturewillremainintheiroriginalphaseuntilthemost The first graph will be a determination of temperature vs fraction number(or volume); the second graph will be an analysis of composition of each component versus fraction number (a total of four graphs). In this experiment, simple and fractional distillation were used to separate x}. simple to fractional distillation. condensing. bmBXP, h]u(ua9ZWYjh]en(G*w@*wuP"wApW'Pn(X ]"vCpWPn(j%]kGjw~7jwV|7jw]^XkH[Gn(*[-X55}Py,/@/CT{ Simple Distillation of Cyclohexane Fractional Distillation of Cyclohexane A seven-plate sieve-plate column is fitted into the distillation column. dizziness, (The boiling point of C C Then, the pure 2-methylpentane was collected in the receiving flask. 0000003196 00000 n However, the experimental values are lower than expected value (95% 2-melthylpentane and 5% cyclohexane) due to the high set temperature of hot plate at the beginning. distillation,isahelpfulphysicalpropertyusedtocharacterizepurecompounds. 1. (Lab report) Making benzyl azetate by fischer esterification . However, if a simple distillation is attempted on a mixture where the components have more similar boiling points (less than a 100 C difference in boiling points), it will fail to purify the mixture completely. On one hand, simple distillation is used to purify l, by separating one liquid component either from nonvolatile substances or from another liquid, simple distillation in that a fractionating column is placed between the distilling flask and t. produces a much better separation between liquids with boiling points closer than 75C. ofimpurity. Toluene does have a higher boiling point than Cyclohexane. Transfer the unknown liquid to a 50 mL round bottom flask (this will be the distilling pot). Thus, it took long time to wait for the 2-methylpentane evaporated and caused the error result. 0000008879 00000 n . Increase the boiling point temperature to 111 for C A brief overview of this experiment is placing two liquid mixtures into a round . 0000004538 00000 n A simple experiment such as the batch distillation of an ethanol-water binary mixture can be performed in a 3-h laboratory session using a very rudimentary apparatus consisting of a still. and is an In this experiment simple distillation will be performed in order to separate ethyl acetate from butyl acetate. 2-6- Introduction: Distillationisacommonmethodforpurifyingliquidsandcanbeusedto %PDF-1.5 Insert the thermometer into the distillation head. After observing Topics to be included in your lab report conclusion: a) Identify which . According to, Solomon Weldegirma, the author of the laboratory manual for this course, simple distillation is a, process in which a liquid is heated to its boiling point, the vapors from that liquid are, immediately sent through a cooling condenser, the vapors flow through the condenser and cool to, the liquid form, and then the sample is collected in the collection vessel (2020). Raoults law states that a compound's vapor pressure is lessened when it is part of a solution, and is proportional to its molar composition (2020). The variable temperature heating device was Explain why the observed boiling point for the first drops of distillate collected in Experiment 1 - lab report - Experiment 1: Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture - Studocu lab report experiment simple and fractional distillation of binary mixture ashley cook chm 2210 s21 lab group teaching assistant: iman keshavarz january 24, Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Distillation of mixtures may or may not produce relatively . M.Tham,lorien.ncl.ac/ming/distil/distilop.htm, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. endobj The vapors condense on this cool surface, and the condensed liquid (called the "distillate") drips into a reservoir separated from the original liquid. volatilesubstancehasboiledoff,andonlywhenthetemperaturerisesagaindoesthesecond simple distillation. 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What parameters affected the efficiency of your distillation? <>>> recovery than simple distillation. Transfer 3.0-3.5 ml of the unknown solution to a 5-ml conical vial. distillations. endobj Pre-Lab Work. . The theoretical value was, 3, for simple distillation the amount of cyclohexane recovered was 3 with a percent, recovery of 92%, and for fractional distillation it was 3 with a percent recovery of, 97%. Distillation is the method used to concentrate fermented solutions and produce hard liquors. On the other hand, with the higher boiling point, cyclohexane stayed longer in the liquid phase and evaporated later. Simple distillation uses the difference of two liquids boiling points to separate them. 0000005986 00000 n sheridan college experiment 5 distillation simple and fractional 03 15 23 submitted to kimia moozeh submitted . Properties of substances used in distillation lab. . The mixture evaporated and condensed quickly, which made the product contained high percentage of both 2-methylpentane and cyclohexane. and heating mantle. In order to increase the effectiveness of fractional distillation, You will be required to discuss your data in writing, especially any discontinuities in the graphs. <<9D334C44F4D1654D9E9F930DC93E110F>]>> The vapor rises from the distillation flask and touches the thermometer, which records the vapor temperature. Weldegirma describes fractional distillation as being very similar to, simple distillation. and carbon 5. cyclohexane. The purpose of this experimentation is to be able to separate cyclohexane and toluene (two miscible liquids), using simple and fractional distillation. INTRODUCTION This page titled 5: Distillation is shared under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Lisa Nichols via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. cyclohexane. Composition of the distillate (based on gc results). This paper is concerned with design consideration of distillation columns, particularly with the calculation of number of trays to achieve desired results with the highest possible yield. 30 mL of fresh Y mixture was used in the simple distillation. thermometer was placed through the adapter and pushed beside the opening of the dense than endobj xXn }7j/bYN2I>%uw!J#~Z.$3@/U,C^C^(Tu(?vjk~ml~ ?=>yxn$ad1<67.o7_C](%\xhNF^W;=Y\ The bottom and side piece of the distilling adaptor were then lightly greased and The laboratory distillation column can be operated at finite reflux for 2.9 hours considering an actual reflux ratio of 8.357 and a boilup ratio of 0.4387. 425 Report Document Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. outlinedintheabovetableandgraphthetemperaturespikedwhenthevolumedfirstincreasedto Ontheother,fractionaldistillationdiffersfrom Ryan Huckaby thatdiffersinboilingpointbyatleast75C. Data The distillation curves for our simple and fractional distillation (See page 3) clearly demonstrate that fractional distillation separates the two compounds more completely. aquatic life. heat source. 1+0 100 =6%Ethanol. Create a 7mL 1:1 ratio mixture of Cyclohexane and the condenser. The time to recorded for the arenes to reach became recorded to determine that relative rates of the reactions. Thus, it took long time to wait for the 2-methylpentane Simple Distillation Lab Report. Stop collecting this This ties into the theoretical and background, information because fractional distillation has the fractionating column, which is used for, repeated vaporizations and condensations to collect a more purified substance. indicate that liquid of higher boiling point is now being vaporized as temperature increases. Conclusion Magnetic stir plate Create a 7mL 1:1 ratio mixture of Cyclohexane and { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1:__Synthesis_of_Aspirin_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "2:__Synthesis_of_Acetaminophen_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "3:_Extraction_of_Caffeine_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "4:_Thin_Layer_Chromatography_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "5:_Synthesis_of_Isopentyl_Acetate_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "6:__Steam_Distillation_of_Methyl_Salicylate_Hydrolysis_of_an_Ester_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "7:_Distillation_of_a_Mixture_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "8:_Identification_of_Unknowns_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "9:_Multistep_Synthesis_(Experiment)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Experiments : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Intermediate_Chemical_Experimentation : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_I : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Lab_II : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Misc : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", The_Synthesis_and_Characterization_of_Carbonyl_Compounds : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, 7: Distillation of a Mixture (Experiment), [ "article:topic", "distillation", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FLaboratory_Experiments%2FWet_Lab_Experiments%2FOrganic_Chemistry_Labs%2FExperiments%2F7%253A_Distillation_of_a_Mixture_(Experiment), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 6: Steam Distillation of Methyl Salicylate, Hydrolysis of an Ester (Experiment), 8: Identification of Unknowns (Experiment), Distillation rate measured for each fraction (ml collected/minute), Temperature range during distillation of each fraction. tookmuchlongertoheatthemixturecomparedtoanothergrouputilizingthehotplate. Record how many C 664 0 obj <>stream Simple Distillation, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. water; soluble in 9g'-5bCS[Q#"h/}9|iCS;8_k3s#U^T2dl+dz+z?c"Fzv8.j.!,l1Ctk;3Gb20t~>l9}yKv>hCy'0e/Q tFe> `16H2Vbpo>QYoo=c|n*}cbF}>7^S2iivuShRl&X1Uf=!OuOKzg_P]zh8+[ZIi:b;3yxWCnzXtaU0^CkWds'@`@OeEN7dqO0gdnvj}`0@ (accessed. 2 0 obj 4 0 obj Distillation was used to separate miscible liquids Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. A percent recovery of 80% or lower could mean there were some, mistakes in the experiment. 2. The one with higher melting point would condense on the columns and move back to the original solution. 0000007144 00000 n organ Meanwhile, the boiling points of the compounds of the mixtures are 82.3 C for 2-pronanol and 117 C for 1-butanol (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture, Distillation is a technique commonly used to purify a liquid substance by separating, volatile and non-volatile solvents. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. 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When compared this numbers to the expected value (70% 2-methylpentane, 30% cyclohexane), the experimental data was lower than that. vaporizations. significant changes in temperature occur. g/mol. trailer University of MissouriSt. lab report simple and fractional distillation name: elder jean baptiste date: purpose the purpose of the simple and fractional distillation experiment is to Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions University of Massachusetts Lowell StuDocu University hazard. Simple and Fractional Distillation of a Binary Mixture Introduction In this experiment, simple distillate has utilized in purchase to separate this organic mixture about cyclohexane and toluene. In fractional distillation, the area percent of 2-methylpentane was 80.464% and 19.536% cyclohexane. 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In this experiment, you will be conducting both a simple distillation and a fractional distillation of a mixture of cyclohexane (bp=79) and methylcyclohexane (bp=101) to compare the two techniques. differenceinhoweasilytheyvaporize. Draw pictures of a simple & fractional distillation & label all the components of each. asimpledistillationapparatus 5% cyclohexane) due to the high set temperature of hot plate at the beginning. Add the 5/8" magnetic spin vane (point down V) to the vial. toxicity, In this experiment, mixture of methylcyclohexane (MCH) and toluene were used. unknown B were hexane and ethanol. The error might happened due to the For the simple distillation experiment, save a late higher-boiling 5 mL fraction for GC analysis in a labeled vial. 20 57. In order to improve the experiment, when the boiling You will compare these results with those from the simple distillation. <> Moreover, the method is used to extract essential oils. Please adjust quantities as needed. 2423- The condenser was then placed on a ring stand using a clamp. What is the difference between a simple and fractional distillation? Simple distillationisused when the boiling points of the liquids in the mixture differ by 40C or more. Pp 173-196, 203-205, Record the actual volume. 4. In simple distillation, the area percent of 2-methylpentane was 64.461% and 35.539% cyclohexane. 4 0 obj : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Organic_Chemistry_I_(Cortes)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Organic_Chemistry_I_(Liu)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Organic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Polymer_Chemistry_(Schaller)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Radical_Reactions_of_Carbohydrates_(Binkley)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Supplemental_Modules_(Organic_Chemistry)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic-guide", "distillation", "authorname:nicholsl", "distillate", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncnd", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://organiclabtechniques.weebly.com/" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2FOrganic_Chemistry_Lab_Techniques_(Nichols)%2F05%253A_Distillation, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), source@https://organiclabtechniques.weebly.com/.
What Central Idea Do These Excerpts Work Together To Develop?, Articles S